فَعُّول p.fa''ool.
فُعُّول p.fu''ool.
فُعَال p.fu'aal.
فُعَلَة p.fu'alat.
فُعْلَان p.fu'laan.
Post 1st published on : 2nd March 2021
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Post's relevant content last edited on : 2nd March 2021.
All the credit and all the praises and all the thanks for whatever is good and beneficial in this post and all the other posts, tools, and projects are just for ALLAH, and whatever shortcoming or mistake there is in any of these is due to me, an ordinary slave of ALLAH! and I seek ALLAH's forgiveness and pardon for any shortcomings and mistakes in any of these.
A thought sometimes arises that careful approach may be, not to even attempt to translate The Qur'an, as we can never achieve 100% accurate translation due to our limitations. Then, the other alternative which is more dangerous, is not to attempt to understand and spread its teachings at all, due to the fear of making a mistake in this process. Not even making an attempt is more dangerous as far as accountability in the Hereafter is concerned, in my opinion, as we have been blessed with reasoning, understanding, intellectual faculties etc. and despite that, if we don't even make an attempt on trying to understand the most important source of guidance for us, we are not doing justice with these faculties. Regarding time allocation, I have attempted to make a balanced approach, i.e. trying to be as accurate as possible, which also takes much more time than most researchers and teachers, but not being the perfectionist type, for which accuracy may even improve further, mostly slightly, but the time required increases many folds. Imagine only 1 post per year.
فَعُّول
p.fa''ool.
6.0.
The عُّ in this pattern is apparently for indicating in multiple : aspects / respects / ways / manners / senses / angles / depths / levels : etc. and و positioned in this pattern after عُّ is apparently for indicating a : being / substantive / noun : etc. apt for the : trait / quality / function : etc.
The core meaning shade of فَعُّول appears to be
A : being / substantive / noun apt:
for the : trait / quality / function indicated by the root or a word or verb from the same root:
in multiple : aspects / respects / ways / manners / senses / angles / depths / levels : etc.
اَلْقَيُّوم
Translation attempt : The One (i.e. ALLAH) Who is : Ever / Always / without any interruption or break or lapse or exception : On His Own and With His Own Power and On His Own Terms and in Full Authority and Command and Control, and without any kind of need or weakness : Firmly and Fully Established in Actively : Being / Existing / Lasting / Being in Full Authority and Command and Control / Taking matters forward / Having The Decisive and All-Powerful Standing over all : issues / matters / beings / things : etc.
The One Who is : The Being for : being established / existence / lasting / carrying on / being active / having a standing : in all : aspects / ways : etc. : and over all : matters / issues / beings / things : etc. such that His Continuous : Creation, Command, Power, Enablement, Empowerment, Authorization etc. is required to bring anything to existence and then to enable and empower it at every level and every step to : exist / last / endure / do anything / have a standing / have a footing / carry on : as long as and only for what He Allows.
اَلزَّقُّوم
Translation attempt : The plant of Hell from which eating is only possible by : gobbling / swallowing : with this gobbling / swallowing : being in terms of multiple : aspects / respects / senses : etc. due to it apparently being : hot / sharp / dry / of bad taste / with bad smell / apparently hurting throughout as it passes down : etc. and with compulsion : due to lack of alternative food availability or as a punishment.
Another word from this pattern is اَلتَّنُّور but this word requires a lot of time and investigative research as sufficient research is not available on the root ت ن ر itself and once its core meaning shade is found, then it can be investigated whether it is from this pattern and root or not. Some have suggested a different root and pattern for the word, but their view does not seem strong, as the root ن و ر and the pattern تَفْعُول combination for this word does not seem so probable in my opinion. As far as what it refers to is concerned, there are many opinions, but context and usage of the word and the other mentions of the incident in The Qur'an, apparently restricts the possible options. In my opinion, based on initial study which is not conclusive and final and may change when I can allocate more time for this word, is that it is referring to : below ground level container of water or more probably referring to below ground level body of water itself (probably underground water. Also see 54:12 and 11:44 for hints). In the flood that came in Prophet Nooh's era (peace be upon him), water came from above and from below i.e. from the direction of the sky and from the direction of the ground i.e. from below the ground level, and also from the seas.
فُعُّول
p.fu''ool.
7.0.
The فُ at the beginning of the pattern or dammah on 1st letter of the root in a pattern, apparently directs the focus to the : being / thing / noun : itself. The عُّ in this pattern is apparently for indicating in multiple : aspects / respects / ways / manners / senses / angles / depths / levels : etc. and و positioned in this pattern after عُّ is apparently for indicating a : being / substantive / noun : etc. aptly having the : trait / quality / function : etc.
The core meaning shade of فُعُّول appears to be
A : being / substantive / noun itself aptly:
having the : trait / quality / function indicated by the root or a word or verb from the same root:
in multiple : aspects / respects / ways / manners / senses / angles / depths / levels : etc.
اَلْقُدُّوس
Translation attempt : The Being (i.e. ALLAH) Who is in : every way / every aspect / everything related to His Being and His Doings / everything referring to or related to Him : Holy / Sacred / Sacrosanct / Venerated / Inviolable / Esteemed.
He is too : Holy / Sacred / Sacrosanct / Venerated / Inviolable / Esteemed : to have any kind of : imperfection / weakness / need / shortcoming / flaw / defect / limitation : etc.
Coming to the core meaning of the root ق د س we can understand it with reference to some places that are described by words coming from this root. We notice that often the requirement to take off shoes comes. i.e. the sanctity and holiness of the place demands to be considered sacred / holy / respected and not be disrespected, and its due respect is not to be violated. Some people consider purity the core meaning and some consider being free from defects and flaws etc. the core meaning. These may be some of the underlying reasons for this holiness, but are not the core meanings themselves in my opinion.
فُعَال
p.fu'aal.
8.0.
Instead of adding the detailed explanation of فُ with each of the patterns in this post starting with فُ this explanation is only given with this pattern for this post.
The فُ at the beginning of the pattern or dammah on 1st letter of the root in a pattern, apparently directs the focus to the : being / thing / noun : itself.
As can be seen in the case of verbs, the passive verb starts with فُ and the focus shifts to the being.
قَتَلَ
Translation attempt : He killed (someone). (Killing is indicated by the root, and the focus here is on the act of killing by the killer.)
قُتِلَ
Translation attempt : He was killed. (Killing is indicated by the root, and the focus is on the person himself ending up being killed, without any focus on the one who killed him).
Now let's also see a sample example from nouns:
غَرْفَة
Translation attempt : A single act of taking out water with the hand.
غُرْفَة
Translation attempt : body / quantity / amount : of water that is taken out with the hand, as much thereof as fills the hand. (Focus directed to being / material / thing : itself, in the this case the body of water that was collected in the hand).
غِرْفَة A mode / manner / way : of taking out water with the hand.
i.e. for the same issue, the 3 words above show 3 different angles of looking at it.
The ا positioned in this pattern after عَ appears to indicate : maturity / completeness / attainment / wholeness : etc.
To understand this maturity / completeness / attainment / wholeness better, also see the following words which have ا in this position
تَمَام or complete etc. (Quick translation attempt)
بَلَاغ or : wholly / fully : attaining / reaching : conveyance etc. (Quick translation attempt)
The pattern فَعَال may InshaALLAH be touched in a different post, but for now, I wanted to make a quick reference to these 2 words from that pattern. Complete meaning shades of فَعَال can be concluded in that post inshaALLAH!
Coming back to فُعَال
The : being / thing / noun / substantive / faculty / doing / act : etc. : being with the : quality / trait / feature : indicated by the root or : word / verb : from the same root,
in its : nature / disposition / make / constitution / character / function : etc.
in a mature / complete / attaining / whole : way.
e.g. for agent sense, what does the act to : completion / maturity / attainment : and make a complete or attaining or whole or mature effect or result of the act.
e.g. for being or object sense etc., what is or has become the : completed / matured / attained : end result or concluded form of what is indicated by the root or what is expected at the completion of action or series of actions i.e. what results once the thing indicated in the root is in its completed form and referred to itself, or what is the resulting form or thing, referred to itself, once the verb or act or series of such are : concluded / completed : etc. Sometimes, it refers to 1 thing and sometimes many parts of the same thing since some actions result in dispersion or breaking down into many parts or in spreading and expansion, like scattered pieces or smoke, and in such cases, this pattern refers to all those parts or expanded form as a whole. Sometimes, different things are collected together, and in that case, it refers to all of them as a whole.
Or we can also understand فُعَال as
a : completed / matured / attained : practical / substantive : form for what is indicated by the root.
Or something (whether single or in multiple parts) itself, referred to as a whole, as a : practical / substantive : form for what is indicated by the root.
Or a : completer / attainer / accomplisher : practical / substantive : form for what is indicated by the root.
Below are a few example cases.
8.1. Being sense.
عُجَاب
Translation attempt : Some : matter / thing / being / doing / belief / statement / assertion :
itself, as a whole, being : unusual / extraordinary / strange
or being : complete / mature / attained : in terms of its : unusualness / extraordinariness / strangeness.
Focus in this pattern is on the : matter / thing / being / doing / belief / statement / assertion : itself being : unusual / extraordinary / strange.
Comparing it to:
عَجِيب
Translation attempt : Possessing the adhering : quality / trait : of : being : unusual / extraordinary / strange. (in terms of some : feature / issue etc.).
8.2. Being or having become : sense.
جُنَاح
Translation attempt : ( doing / action / deed : ) being or having become : branched off / flanked off / turned away : from the : main / proper / rightful / allowed : road / course / path : in a matter.
8.3. Being or having become or object sense.
ثُلَاث
Translation attempt : (Members of a kind / parts of a kind : etc.) threed / 3'd / made 3 / being 3 : for some matter / angle of consideration : indicated by context with focus on the members / parts : themselves. Reference is to what is being 3 in number or what is made to be 3 in number, e.g. wings of angels: 3'd or made 3, or being 3.
Comparing it to
ثَلَاثَة
Translation attempt : 3, three. Note, here the focus is just on the count or number, e.g. 3 teams.
رُبَاع
Translation attempt : Members of a kind / parts of a kind : foured / 4'd / Made 4 / being 4 : for some matter / angle of consideration : indicated by context with focus on the members / parts : themselves. Reference is to what is being 4 in number or what is made to be 4 in number, e.g. wings of angels, 4'd or made 4, or being 4.
تُرَاث
Translation attempt : The : complete / whole : inherited material, referring to the actual inheritance in full, and referring to the complete physical material that is part of the inheritance for the case indicated by the current context.
8.4. Material / thing : etc. being or having become or having been made : attained / mature / complete : in some feature
أُجَاج
Translation attempt : (water) in which severe biting sharpness (that burns via : bitterness / saltiness / (heat) : etc.) has been : attained / achieved. (This water has too much salt that kidneys just to get rid of this excess salt need urination again and again and if sufficient water is not available in body, it starts using water in cells and tissues of the body and eventually person dies of dehydration while being very thirsty.)
فُرَات
Translation attempt : (water) in which palatability or capability of : satiating / quenching / subduing : of thirst (via suitability for proper hydration & lack of any bitterness / saltiness / burning etc.) has been : attained / achieved.
8.5. Being or having become : cut off / separated / expelled : etc. sense.
جُفَآء
Translation attempt : Those : parts / material : as a whole : of a thing or material, that have lost their : ground / place / standing / position / inclusion : in that thing or material : and have become : separated / unmerged / casted out / expelled : etc. from it (e.g. as : useless / scum / refuse / froth : etc.)
8.6. Composed / combined / collected : being or having become or object, as a whole, sense.
رُكَام
Translation attempt : heaped / piled / stacked / superimposed : mass, as a whole. When referring to clouds, apparently reference is to cumulonimbus type clouds.
As per wikipedia, "Cumulonimbus (from Latin cumulus, "heaped" and nimbus, "rainstorm") is a dense, towering vertical cloud, forming from water vapor carried by powerful upward air currents. If observed during a storm, these clouds may be referred to as thunderheads. Cumulonimbus can form alone, in clusters, or along cold front squall lines. These clouds are capable of producing lightning and other dangerous severe weather, such as tornadoes and hailstones. Cumulonimbus progress from overdeveloped cumulus congestus clouds and may further develop as part of a supercell."
8.7. Decomposed / scattered / broken up / spread : being or having become or object, as a whole, sense.
حُطَام
Translation attempt : Eventual / concluded / final : form of something, as a whole, : after having gone through the process of : breaking up / decomposition / disintegration / dismembering / crumbling / crushing : etc.
8.8. Action / doing : as a whole sense.
سُؤَال
Translation attempt : whole / completed : act (referred to as a whole) of verbally : seeking / asking for / questioning about / demanding : a matter ( something / a doing / an action / knowledge / information / news : etc.) from someone.
8.9. Some matter, referred to as a whole sense.
سُبَات
Translation attempt : Complete : rest / break / cut off / ceasure / interruption : from : engagement / being busy / activity / exertion / work / wakefulness / alertness : etc., referred to as a whole. For sleep, reference is to the whole sleep i.e. focus on the sleep itself and all of it.
8.10. Having an urge or suitability to be objected to sense.
ذُبَاب
Translation attempt : (small flying insect, e.g. housefly, fly, bee, (maybe even mosquito) etc., the type: ) having in its : nature / disposition / character / behavior / conduct : the urge to be kept (completely) or be (completely) : warded off / repelled off / driven away : with the intent of keeping : safe / clear : from it even touching the one, or something or someone of concern for the one : warding / repelling / driving : it off. (Usually the housefly has very irritating behavior and fits this definition very well).
8.11. Faculty / tool : for : achieving / attaining / accomplishing / maturing / completing : etc. sense.
فُؤَاد
Translation attempt : Faculty / internal tool : (in humans) :
mature / attaining / complete :
in taking as inputs :
sense receptions / situational input / incoming information / context : etc.
and then using:
existing : experience / knowledge : etc. and
thinking / reasoning / pondering / logic : etc. for :
processing / preparation / maturing / ripening / refining / perfecting / making suitable for consumption or further use : the : input / inputs :
e.g. by drawing : deductions / conclusions / knowledge / experience for future use : etc.
or by choosing : way forward / further course of action : etc.
or by developing : opinion / belief : regarding someone / some issue etc.
based on this process.
Before discussing some of its use cases, let's briefly discuss some simple examples using the verb
فَأَدَ ٱلْخُبْزَةَ
Translation attempt : he baked the bread. (Note: baking involves taking the input i.e. bread and then using other ingredients, knowledge and experience in terms of baking breads, and then : preparing / cooking / baking : the bread : in hot ashes or other means of baking, till it has become baked. No need to shift focus to the fire or ashes or flames that are used as a means only and are not the end.)
فَأَدَ ٱللَّحْمَ
Translation attempt : he roasted the meat. (Note: roasting involves taking the input i.e. the meat, and then using seasoning, salt, other ingredients, knowledge and experience in roasting, and then : preparing / cooking / roasting : the meat on the fire or coal, till it has become completely roasted. Purpose is not burning, but preparing the meat till it becomes mature and attained to be suitable for consumption.)
Coming back to some use cases of فُؤَاد
It can be : stabilized / fastened / steadied : by being subjected to relevant news or relevant stories from the past, via which it can perform better in case similar situation is encountered.
It can be : used to help in acquiring knowledge and to conclude to pursue some matter, with knowledge, or not pursue it, with knowledge, instead of pursuing the matter with mere speculation or unverified guesswork or conjecture or word of mouth.
it can be : used to conclude, whether to believe or not believe in some matter.
it can be : used to conclude, to be : thankful / grateful : for something to someone.
it can be : used to make judgement of what the vision saw.
For some people, due to their own doing, the فُؤَاد becomes : overturned / inverted / flipped etc. (in terms of some matter) and after this, it can process the input, but draws wrong conclusion (for that matter). e.g. someone saw or heard something for the 1st time which he should have acknowledged or believed using the فُؤَاد he has been blessed with. But, either he didn't use it (at all or properly) or he did use it but didn't accept its conclusion, and thus he lost the capability of فُؤَاد to draw or conclude the correct conclusion afterwards as far as that matter is concerned (or perhaps even its related matters also).
Sometimes someone sees something, but his فُؤَاد can lie about it, perhaps due to inversion of it (for that matter) or due to the person's lack of sufficient experience / knowledge etc. or his reasoning / logical skills not being to such a level to properly conclude what he saw and the additional Help and Guidance of ALLAH needed to properly conclude such new matters is not provided to him, and sometimes some one can see something for the 1st time and still his فُؤَاد draws the correct conclusion of what he saw due to related knowledge / experience and due to high enough : reasoning / logical / deductive : skills etc. and most importantly due to The Help and Guidance of ALLAH.
Someone can pray to ALLAH to make فُؤَاد of some people incline / be accepting : towards the one he is praying for, e.g. to draw warm and friendly and supportive etc. : conclusions : regarding conduct towards him etc.
Sometimes due to too much concern or recent difficult or unusual decisions or events etc. فُؤَاد can become vacant of any engagement and the person may do some unwise action unless some other factor is not also there to prevent it, e.g. a mother has the potential to disclose to a tyrant who is killing male new born boys, that the boy he somehow hasn't killed and has under his care is her son, as doing so may be very dangerous for her son.
This faculty is apparently present in the heart or is a function of the heart. It may even be an epithet or epithetic name for the heart. Probably, it is the physical heart, since Arabs refer to the physical heart also with this epithetic name. Or the word may be referring to a spiritual faculty.
Observing or seeing all these functions and activities in the physical heart is beyond the reach of practical science or empirical science, on how the heart is involved in all this. Some people have tried to study in a related direction but this is way beyond the reach of observable science, e.g. this link shows some already done study and gives some hints like:
"Neurocardiology: The Brain On the Heart"
"...Furthermore, the heart appeared to be sending meaningful messages to the brain that the brain not only understood, but also obeyed. Even more intriguing was that it looked as though these messages could affect a person’s perceptions, behavior and performance. "
"...Furthermore, more of these ascending neural pathways are related to the heart (and cardiovascular system) than to any other organ.[15] This means the heart sends more information to the brain than the brain sends to the heart. More recent research shows that the neural interactions between the heart and brain are more complex than previously thought. In addition, the intrinsic cardiac nervous system has both short-term and long-term memory functions and can operate independently of central neuronal command."
Quotes ended above.
Obviously heart has much more role than what many people like to think it has. The above stated things are also based on some observations and assumptions by scientists. They can never reach the observation of the actual functioning directly to make any conclusive judgements.
8.12. Having tendency to behave in a certain way in some matter.
غُرَاب
Translation attempt : Crow. Perhaps it is called غُرَاب due to it being a bird having in its : nature / disposition / character / behavior / conduct : the tendency to become : absent / departed / out of sight / out of presence / out of range / distant : etc. Though, something similar is suggested by MR and TQ, I wasn't fully satisfied. A deeper study of crow behavior is required which I can't allocate time for, when more important words are there. So this definition can be read with caution and just as an opinion. Anyway, we know that the word refers to crow.
فُعَلَة
p.fu'alat.
9.0.
The ة has various use cases in words, which require a separate post with due time and seriousness. The use case relevant to this pattern is : specifying / marking : sense. The ة can be used to make a noun specified to be qualified with the epithet / quality / action / pattern + root etc. In other words, the ة can be used to make a noun : specified / marked / distinguished / characterized / known / noticeable / identified / dedicated : etc. for a thing / act / quality : etc. and when a noun is : noticeable / specified / marked / dedicated : etc. for some act etc., then that act is expected to be done multiple times or that noun may get known or linked with that act, and some people link this to intensiveness or a form of exaggeration in some patterns or use cases.
ذَبِيح
Translation attempt : (Some animal e.g. sheep, goat etc.) having the adhering : quality / trait of having become slaughtered. (Once it is slaughtered, it remains slaughtered).
ذَبِيحَة
Translation attempt : (Some animal e.g. sheep, goat etc.) having the adhering quality / trait of having become : dedicated / marked / specified : to become slaughtered. (It is has become specified to be slaughtered, and is not slaughtered yet).
The عَ in this pattern, apparently indicates doing of the action indicated by the root. Note, this is just 1 possible use case of عَ in a pattern. Other use cases can be covered once any other pattern with عَ having those use cases is attempted in any post inshaALLAH!
Coming back to فُعَلَة
Some : being / thing / conduct of a being :
characterized / known / noticeable / distinguished / identified / marked : etc.
for doing the : action / verb / act / deed : etc. indicated by the root, or by a verb or noun from the same root.
There may be multiple ways in which a being etc. can become characterized for doing some action and more than 1 of the following reasons may be applicable depending on the case and context. e.g., this may be:
i. Due to the being etc. being remembered or noted for doing the action etc. i.e. doing the action being the distinguishing or very noticeable or hard to miss feature of the being.
ii. Due to frequent doing of the action by the being etc.
iii. Due to the doing of an uncommon action by the being etc. to the exclusion of many others.
(In English, this can be compared up to some extent to words like, "the bone crusher", i.e. someone known or characterized for doing the action of crushing bones, "the lion slayer" i.e. someone known or characterized for doing the action of slaying lions etc.)
حُطَمَة
Translation attempt : Something (e.g. Hell) : characterized / known / noticeable / distinguished / identified / marked : etc. for doing the action of : breaking up / decomposition / disintegration / dismembering / crumbling / crushing : etc. a thing or things or a being or beings etc. indicated by context.
لُمَزَة
Translation attempt : Someone : characterized / known / noticeable / distinguished / identified / marked : etc. for doing the action of : criticizing / blaming / asserting or finding faults or weaknesses : in people or things or actions etc., in a manner that is : indirect / subtle / toned down / by way of gestures or signs / by way of passing indirect comments or taunts / without directly and openly addressing face to face / by addressing face to face but not directly delivering any criticism or taunt, rather making an indirect hint : etc.
e.g. when a judge makes some judgement, the attendees usually don't openly criticize the judge, but instead gossip among themselves and blame and criticize or assert faults or weaknesses in the judge or his judgement. Usually in such cases, the one doing such gossip is not in a strong enough position (in terms of his standing or in terms of his logic or arguments for criticizing or in terms of his apparent stance of being supportive and appreciative etc. for the judge) to criticize openly and directly. Or someone may criticize the judge in a subtle manner, e.g. by saying "be just" directly to the judge, now this doesn't assert any injustice by the judge but gives a hint that he may not be doing justice. Similarly, people may pass vague comments of criticism or taunt, which can be heard by the one being criticized but the comments are passed indirectly and without addressing the one criticized, e.g. passing comments among each other regarding a stranger passing by, which the stranger may hear but will have to take extra initiative to confront the ones passing comments, since these are indirect and vague.
هُمَزَة
Translation attempt : Someone : characterized / known / noticeable / distinguished / identified / marked : etc. for doing the action of :
goading / pricking / prodding / annoying / impelling / urging on / driving on : openly and directly (and usually with words) : someone or some people, and depending on context this can be in various ways, e.g.
i. Annoying or hurting someone with words that may drive painful feelings or reactions in someone.
ii. Ridiculing someone in front of others that may drive ridiculing by others and embarrassment for the one being ridiculed.
iii. Urging / driving / impelling : people against someone with words that may drive hateful / offensive / ridiculing etc. actions or words towards him.
iv. Urging / driving / impelling : people against each other with slanderous words or words that may make the people more offensive or hateful towards each other.
v. Slandering / backbiting : someone and thus urging others against him.
vi. Urging someone to do inappropriate deeds or to say inappropriate words etc.
تُقَاة
Translation attempt : (An example of conduct instead of being sense, usually used along with form VIII verb which is apparently in such cases used in the sense of conducting oneself in a manner indicated by the root or by a verb or word from the same root, and the being is referred to by this accompanying verb) Conduct (of someone already referred to by the accompanying verb) : characterized / noticeable / distinguished / identified / marked : etc. for having the accompanying action of : cautiousness / guardedness / wariness : etc. towards possible dangers and towards possible lapses in proper conduct.
فُعْلَان
p.fu'laan.
10.0.
The words from this pattern appear to have been made by taking فُعْل and suffixing ان with them i.e from فُعْل to فُعْلَان
ان suffix is used in various patterns and its basic meaning appears to be : to such a level (high / deep / much : etc.) that what is indicated by the remaining part of the word is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers / effects / affectees : etc.
We may also consider فُعْلَان as : being what is indicated by root etc. + its external impact, in a sense of dual scope.
Note that ان is also used as a suffix for making dual from singular. In that case, it is used for indicating 2 of that what is indicated by the remaining part of the word.
Coming back to فُعْلَان
The : being / thing / noun / action / conduct / quality :
itself being what is indicated by or related to : the root, or a noun or a verb from the same root
to such a level (high / deep / much : etc.) that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers / effects / affectees / actions / happenings : etc.
سُبْحَانَ
Translation attempt : (Being i.e. ALLAH Who is) : Being / Continuing / Taking matters forward (and Conducting, Operating and Controlling them) :
in a : Befitting / Proper / Rightful / Sound / Intended : way,
while Being : far away from, highly exalted above, and totally free from any : weakness / deviation / fault / imperfection / shortcoming / shortfall etc.
and Being : far away from, highly exalted above, and totally free from the possibility of any : hindrance / opposition / disturbance / diversion etc.
so much that, He Being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers / effects / affectees / actions / happenings / operations : etc.
Regarding basic meaning shade of this root : words like floating, gliding, roaming, swimming without immersion, coursing along, etc. may be used, and on a deeper level, floating, gliding, roaming or coursing along in the befitting or intended way forward, without showing any weakness, deviation, shortfall and without being diverted etc. in doing so.
Some have translated سُبْحَانَ in the proper direction of Being Free from and Highly Exalted above any : shortcomings / mistakes / errors / imperfections etc., but this ignores the 1st part of the root i.e. Being / Continuing / Taking matters forward : etc. and while Being and Doing so, Being Free from and Highly Exalted above any shortcomings / mistakes / errors / imperfections etc. i.e. not only His Being but also His Doings and Conduction of all matters is Free from and Highly Exalted above any shortcomings / mistakes / errors / imperfections etc.
قُرْءَان also written as قُرْآن
Translation attempt : The basic meaning of ق ر ا appears to be, to : re-cite / re-collect / read : a : written text / seen text / spoken text / heard text / reading (e.g. book / temperature sign / period sign) : in : mind / heart / viewing / reading (aloud or silently or in heart) : etc.
In English, the word reading comes close to some extent. Reading can be reading in heart or mind, reading silently or reading out aloud for oneself, or reading out aloud over others so that they can also listen to the reading, or reading by viewing some book or by listening to some audio or by seeing some video etc. Reading can also be used to read the temperature in fever or read the period sign etc. The term temperature reading is quite common.
Coming back to قُرْءَان also written as قُرْآن
Translation attempt for action : Action of : reciting / reading : out aloud. Action of : re-citing / re-collecting / reciting / reading : verbatim, a : written text / seen text / spoken text / heard text / intended speech : etc. by : reading / reciting : out aloud i.e. in such a way that the : re-citing / re-collecting / recitation / reading : is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : easily and clearly hearable : recitation / reading etc.
Translation attempt for text : Qur'an. Book / Speech / (Written / Spoken) Text : having in its : nature / disposition / make / constitution : etc. : so much : suitability / befittingness / attraction / urge : etc. to be : re-cited / re-collected / recited / read (aloud or silently or in heart, for oneself or also for others to hear) : etc. verbatim, that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : the Text itself (due to its : Content / Style / Perfectness / Truthfulness / Relevance / Guidance : etc.) and anyone who views or listens to the text can't fail to notice this, e.g., some Jinn heard The Qur'an for the 1st time and were impressed by it. For details of this Jinn incident, Surah 72 can be read.
Note: the words, re-cite, re-collect, are different from recite, recollect and are newly termed by me with re and the word after hyphen to be taken separately. Re-cite, to cite the written or heard text again, by repeating the text verbatim in reading etc. Re-collect, is to collect the written or heard text again, by repeating the text verbatim in reading etc.
فُرْقَان
Translation attempt : Something (e.g. a : book / parts of a book / faculty / day : etc.) : having in its : nature / disposition / make / constitution : etc. : so much capability of making : separate / set apart / distinct / differentiated / distinguished / isolated / sorted out : etc. : some : things / matters / people / doings etc. or parts of some thing / matter / doing : etc. that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. : by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers / effects : etc., like rendering parts of some matter or different matters, clearly and completely : separated / set apart / made distinct / differentiated / isolated etc., e.g. making complete and clear separation between truth and falsehood, right and wrong, lawful and forbidden, good and bad, sound and unsound, well-founded and unfounded, authentic and inauthentic, successful people and failures etc.
سُلْطَان
Translation attempt : Empowerment (authority or power given to someone to do something) for : someone / something / some statement or belief : etc. over : someone / some matter / saying something / demanding something / doing something : etc. : to such a level that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc.
In English, single words also convey the sense to a good extent like the words : empowerment / authorization / mandate / sanction / prerogative etc.
A Prophet chosen by ALLAH or Book or Revelation sent down by ALLAH, has : empowerment / authorization / mandate : etc. to talk about matters related to hereafter, approved way of life, Attributes of ALLAH etc. and this is obvious and apparent for all to notice. A common man has no mandate to talk about these issues on his own. A prophet chosen by ALLAH or a Book Sent down by ALLAH has : authorization / mandate / empowerment : to refer to these matters. Now there are no new prophets.
Similarly, special empowerment is required for some cases. e.g. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had empowerment by the Permission of and power to do so Granted by ALLAH to visit places otherwise inaccessible to humans at The Night of Mi'raaj due to special empowerment to do so on that night.
One who has certain knowledge about something, has authorization / mandate / empowerment : to talk about what he knows, if and when required etc.
People have empowerment to do some things by the Permission of and power to do so Granted by ALLAH in this world, while for those who end up in Hell, it will be perished from them, i.e. no longer will they be able to take up tasks they could in their worldly life and this empowerment is verified by their doing of such tasks.
بُرْهَان
Translation attempt : Regarding the root of this word, most, if not all books which have assigned a root for this word, assigned the root ب ر ه and its basic meaning appears to be, to be : sound / healthy / in good condition (internally + externally). While researching this word, I decided to check possibilities of substitution and transposition and 1 other relevant root appeared as the suitable root, considering the nature of such proofs or evidences, i.e the root ب ه ر and its basic meaning appears to be, to be : dominating / overcoming / overpowering / surpassing / excelling / outshining / dazzling (overpowering/confounding with light/brilliance) / (imposing upon something that what is beyond its power or ability to resist) : etc. and if this is the case, the word was originally بُهْرَان and then by transposition became بُرْهَان and the contexts in which this word appears to have been used (i.e. contexts in which the 1 demanded to bring the بُرْهَان usually does or believes something, not agreeing with or against what the 1 demanding the بُرْهَان believes or asserts), overcoming argument seems more probable (i.e. transposed word) than a healthy argument. Note, the word argument is just used for simplicity of understanding the difference, actual translation follows later inshaALLAH!. When some one presents a healthy argument, it only supports his view and does not refute the contrary views. When some one presents an overcoming argument, it not only supports his view, but also refutes the contrary or non-agreeing arguments.
Translation attempt based on root ب ه ر which is more probable in my opinion:
(Something) being so : dominating / overcoming / overpowering / surpassing / excelling / outshining / dazzling (overpowering/confounding with light/brilliance) / (imposing upon something that what is beyond its power or ability to resist) : etc. that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by (obvious and apparent for all to notice) : dominance / overcoming : etc. by it of all its counter or opposing or conflicting or non-agreeing : arguments / beliefs / views : etc. and also obvious : dominance / overcoming : etc. by it of the reasons for any conduct that goes against it or or goes against what it is a بُرْهَان for. This happens as soon as it appears into the context.
Translation attempt based on root ب ر ه which is also possible, but less probable in my opinion:
(Something) being so : sound / healthy / in good condition (internally + externally) : that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by (obvious and apparent for all to notice) : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc. This happens as soon as it appears into the context. This بُرْهَان is usually presented as : evidence / support / proof : for some : belief / view / argument.
بُنْيَان
Translation attempt : Building / structure. Something having being built to such a level, that its having been built is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by its apparent form / organization / structure / strength etc.
بُهْتَان
Translation attempt : Something (e.g.: statement / assertion / accusation: etc.) or some action being so : baffling / astonishing / confounding / perplexing : etc. that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by (obvious and apparent for all to notice) : unbeffitingness / mismatch : between the assertion and the known or apparent : traits / features / conduct : of the one regarding whom the assertion is made, e.g. asserting an unfaithful action to a woman whose chasteness is well established OR between the action and the past history or relationship etc. between the one doing the action and the one who is affected by the action, e.g. a husband taking the wedding gift he gave to his wife back at the time of divorcing her. Since they have spent time together and have been close, so : befitting / matching : conduct demands that he happily lets the ex-wife keep the gift.
ثُعْبَان
Translation attempt : Snake. (An animal i.e. snake) having in its : nature / disposition / make / conduct : etc., propelling by flowing : to such an extent that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by signs and feelers etc., like it having no limbs and having a long body without any protrusions to the sides etc., and thus for it to move from place to place, it has to propel by flowing. Moreover, this can be observed by anyone who witnesses its movement or has seen other similar creatures in the past.
حُسْبَان
Translation attempt : A thing / action / operation / thing and its operation : itself : being : reckoned / accounted / calculated : or being a : reckoning / accounting / calculation : to such a level that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc. e.g. the sun and the moon operating in such a calculated, accounted and reckoned way that it is obvious and manifest for all to observe. Moreover, via this calculated, accounted and reckoned operation, calculation, accounting and reckoning can be derived for other matters e.g. solar and lunar calendars, season estimate etc. Another use case example is a reckoning or accountability referred to itself, for some misconduct or some bad deeds or ungratefulness or not acknowledging the Favor of ALLAH. A reckoning or accountability to such a level that it makes its occurrence or having befallen felt and noticed etc., e.g. by the destruction of the garden of the person displaying bad, ungrateful or unacknowledging conduct.
خُسْرَان
Translation attempt : Loss (itself) to such a level that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc. (and is thus obvious and apparent), e.g. loss in both the world and the hereafter or loss for oneself and one's family, in the hereafter, by not going to Paradise and going to Hell instead, or loss by making such a bad decision e.g. taking shaytaan as an ally, that mere decision itself guarantees loss, and loss to such a level that it is already ensured / ascertained / verified and is already obvious and apparent.
قُرْبَان
Translation attempt : A sacrificial offering for nearness or some other practical or physical means of nearness. Intended / sought : nearness to such a level that it is given a physical or practical form in the form of a sacrificial offering or an object designated as a means for attaining nearness.
كُفْرَان
Translation attempt : The : action / conduct : of : disacknowledgement / covering up : to such a level that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. : by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc., e.g. by letting the efforts and good deeds remain unacknowledged and unrewarded, or enjoying a blessing and at the same time disacknowledging it as being a blessing etc.
References:
Qur'an Concordance Research specially Qur'an Patterns Concordance PDF (and within it, specially a look at the usage of all the words from the chosen pattern and its embedded links to the relevant pages on QAC) and Qur'an Roots Linker PDF (mainly for researching basic meanings of the roots, and within it, specially the book TQ, and then the book MI, and then the books ULQ, UMR and LL included in AA and on some roots, even more books from Qur'an Roots Linker and AA were consulted and for some roots Qur'an Ayat Navigator 2 PDF was also consulted along with various Tafaaseer when required.)
In addition to the above, Patterns research by others section books available via the above link were also studied, along with some other research papers and material from the internet. The aim was to make an attempt to derive meaning shades based on the actual Qur'anic usage as much as possible and to try to avoid words from these patterns which were not used in The Qur'an. Some posts in this series may require consulting some non-Qur'anic words also i.e. the patterns for which very few words from a pattern have been used in The Qur'an.
Arabic has been typed using the free and detailed Arabic keyboard, latest live version of which is available at:
Online Arabic Keyboard to Type Arabic Directly using English Keyboard with 7 Arabic Web Fonts .
Background for this post:
Manpower = 1 (Asim Iqbal)Time taken on this post = 147 hours : 15 minutes.
Started on = 23rd September 2020.
1st published on = 2nd March 2021.
Sponsorship required for this post = 50 hours @ $10 per hour.
Sponsorship received = $ 500.
Sponsor = Sponsor 01.
Voluntarily spent hours without any sponsorship requirement = 97 hours 15 minutes.
Time tracked with a separate tracker for each pattern using = atimelogger mobile app.
Funding is required to continue patterns research. Stage 1 posts are also ready for the following:
فَعۡل فُعۡل فِعۡل فَعَل فُعُل فَعَال فِعَال فَعُل فُعُول فُعَل فِعَل فِعِل