The م as Augmentative Letter
The م can be judged to be augmentative in following cases:
1. When م is 1st letter of a word, and is followed by 3 or 4 root letters. This is the most common place for م as augmentative letter. There can be other augmentative letters in the word in addition to م
مِفْعَل - مِرْفَق - ر ف ق
مِفْعَال - مِثْقَال - ث ق ل
مِفْعِيل - مِسْكِين - س ك ن
مَفْعَل - مَعْشَر - ع ش ر
مَفْعَلَة - مَرْحَمَة - ر ح م
مَفْعِل - مَسْجِد - س ج د
مَفْعُول - مَعْلُوم - ع ل م
مُفَعِّل - مُصَدِّق - ص د ق
مُفَعَّل - مُفَصَّل - ف ص ل
مُفَاعِل - مُهَاجِر - ه ج ر
مُفَاعَل - مُبَارَك - ب ر ك
مُفْعِل - مُخْلِص - خ ل ص
مُفْعَل - مُنْكَر - ن ك ر
مُتَفَعِّل - مُتَفَرِّق - ف ر ق
مُتَفَاعِل - مُتَشَابِه - ش ب ه
مُنْفَعِل - مُنْقَلِب - ق ل ب
مُفْتَعِل - مُخْتَلِف - خ ل ف
مُفْتَعَل - مُحْتَضَر - ح ض ر
مُفْعَلّ - مُصْفَرّ - ص ف ر
مُسْتَفْعِل - مُسْتَكْبِر - ك ب ر
مُسْتَفْعَل - مُسْتَخْلَف - خ ل ف
مُفْعَالَّة - مُدْهَامَّة - د ه م
مُفَعْفِع (مُفَعْلِل) - مُزَحْزِح - ز ح ز ح
مُفَعْفَع (مُفَعْلَل) - مُذَبْذَب - ذ ب ذ ب
مُفَنْعَلَة - مُقَنْطَرَة - ق ط ر
مُفْعَئِلَّة - مُطْمَئِنَّة - ط م ن
مُفَيْعِل - مُهَيْمِن - أ م ن
In last example above, the ه is substituted for أ . So, in root أ is mentioned while in word ه is mentioned. The substitution issues will be discussed in a separate series inshaALLAH!
2. The م is augmentative in nouns only, not in verbs usually. But, see below case where the verb is derived from a noun which has an augmentative م . Such cases are very rare.
مَفْعَلَ - مَسْكَنَ - س ك ن
تَمَفْعَلَ - تَمَسْكَنَ - س ك ن
3. The م also comes as augmentative letter in locations other than 1st letter location in a word, but such cases are few.
فُعْلُوم - حُلْقُوم - ح ل ق
فِعْمِيل - قِطْمِير - ق ط ر
فَمْعَلِيل - زَمْهَرِير - ز ه ر
فَمْعَلِيل - قَمْطَرِير - ق ط ر
فَعْمَل - سَرْمَد - س ر د
فِعْلِمَة - شِرْذِمَة - ش ر د
The ذ is substituted for د in the above example.
4. In reduplicated roots in which a 2 letter root is repeated to make a 4 letter root, the م is not augmentative.
فَعْفَع (فَعْلَل) - مَرْمَر - م ر م ر