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Root : ب ه ر or ب ر ه
Pattern : فُعْلَان
Word : بُرْهَان
بُرْهَان
Translation attempt : Regarding the root of this word, most, if not all books which have assigned a root for this word, assigned the root ب ر ه and its basic meaning appears to be, to be : sound / healthy / in good condition (internally + externally). While researching this word, I decided to check possibilities of substitution and transposition and 1 other relevant root appeared as the suitable root, considering the nature of such proofs or evidences, i.e the root ب ه ر and its basic meaning appears to be, to be : dominating / overcoming / overpowering / surpassing / excelling / outshining / dazzling (overpowering/confounding with light/brilliance) / (imposing upon something that what is beyond its power or ability to resist) : etc. and if this is the case, the word was originally بُهْرَان and then by transposition became بُرْهَان and the contexts in which this word appears to have been used (i.e. contexts in which the 1 demanded to bring the بُرْهَان usually does or believes something, not agreeing with or against what the 1 demanding the بُرْهَان believes or asserts), overcoming argument seems more probable (i.e. transposed word) than a healthy argument. Note, the word argument is just used for simplicity of understanding the difference, actual translation follows later inshaALLAH!. When some one presents a healthy argument, it only supports his view and does not refute the contrary views. When some one presents an overcoming argument, it not only supports his view, but also refutes the contrary or non-agreeing arguments.
Translation attempt based on root ب ه ر which is more probable in my opinion:
(Something) being so : dominating / overcoming / overpowering / surpassing / excelling / outshining / dazzling (overpowering/confounding with light/brilliance) / (imposing upon something that what is beyond its power or ability to resist) : etc. that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by (obvious and apparent for all to notice) : dominance / overcoming : etc. by it of all its counter or opposing or conflicting or non-agreeing : arguments / beliefs / views : etc. and also obvious : dominance / overcoming : etc. by it of the reasons for any conduct that goes against it or or goes against what it is a بُرْهَان for. This happens as soon as it appears into the context.
Translation attempt based on root ب ر ه which is also possible, but less probable in my opinion:
(Something) being so : sound / healthy / in good condition (internally + externally) : that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : by (obvious and apparent for all to notice) : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc. This happens as soon as it appears into the context. This بُرْهَان is usually presented as : evidence / support / proof : for some : belief / view / argument.
Last edited: 2nd March 2021.
Also check other posts in the Arabic Words Core Meanings Series