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Root : س ل ط
Pattern : فُعْلَان
Word : سُلْطَان
سُلْطَان
Translation attempt : Empowerment (authority or power given to someone to do something) for : someone / something / some statement or belief : etc. over : someone / some matter / saying something / demanding something / doing something : etc. : to such a level that it being as such is : ascertained / ensured / verified : etc. by : manifestations / signs / symptoms / feelers : etc.
In English, single words also convey the sense to a good extent like the words : empowerment / authorization / mandate / sanction / prerogative etc.
A Prophet chosen by ALLAH or Book or Revelation sent down by ALLAH, has : empowerment / authorization / mandate : etc. to talk about matters related to hereafter, approved way of life, Attributes of ALLAH etc. and this is obvious and apparent for all to notice. A common man has no mandate to talk about these issues on his own. A prophet chosen by ALLAH or a Book Sent down by ALLAH has : authorization / mandate / empowerment : to refer to these matters. Now there are no new prophets.
Similarly, special empowerment is required for some cases. e.g. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had empowerment by the Permission of and power to do so Granted by ALLAH to visit places otherwise inaccessible to humans at The Night of Mi'raaj due to special empowerment to do so on that night.
One who has certain knowledge about something, has authorization / mandate / empowerment : to talk about what he knows, if and when required etc.
People have empowerment to do some things by the Permission of and power to do so Granted by ALLAH in this world, while for those who end up in Hell, it will be perished from them, i.e. no longer will they be able to take up tasks they could in their worldly life and this empowerment is verified by their doing of such tasks.
Last edited: 2nd-March-2021.
Also check other posts in the Arabic Words Core Meanings Series